Table 4 Bacterial surface sampling with dip slides during surgery and ultrasound examination

OR^c

High-touch^d (53^e/23^f)

CASO^g

0 (0–0)

60.9% Staphylococcus spp. (35.7% S. epidermidis, 21.4% S. hominis, 14.3% S. capitis, 7.1% S. spp., 7.1% S. haemolyticus,7.1% S. pseudintermedius, 7.1% S. warneri)

CASO + ^h

0 (0–0.11)

OR

Sterile field^h (135/30)

CASO

0 (0–0)

56.7% Staphylococcus spp. (35.3% S. hominis, 29.4% S. spp., 11.8% S. epidermidis, 11.8% S. pseudintermedius, 5.9% S. haemolyticus, 5.9% S. saprophyticus), 20% Micrococcus spp. (100% M. luteus)

CASO + 

0 (0–0)

UR

High-touch (50/34)

CASO

0.21 (0.11–0.53)

58.8% Staphylococcus spp. (45% S. hominis, 25% S. spp., 15% S. epidermidis, 10% S. haemolyticus, 5% S. xylosus)

CASO + 

0.53 (0.24–1.33)

URⁱ

Near-patient^j after examination (25/22)

CASO

0.21 (0–0.85)

45.5% Staphylococcus spp. (30% S. saprophyticus, 20% S. spp., 10% S. aureus, 10% S. capitis, 10% S. equorum, 10% S. felis, 10% S. warneri), 18.2% Macrococcus spp. (50% M. canis, 25% M. brunensis, 25% M. spp.), 13.6% Bacillus spp. (66.7% B. spp., 33.3% B. licheniformis)

CASO + 

0.43 (0.11–1.91)

UR

Near-patient after decontamination (24/12)

CASO

0 (0–0.03)

41.7% Bacillus spp. (60% B. cereus, B. spp. 20% B. licheniformis), 25% Staphylococcus spp. (33.3% S. capitis, 33.3% S. felis, 33.3% S. haemolyticus), 16.7% Kocuria spp. (100% K. spp.)

CASO + 

0.11 (0–0.27)